View source for Science Fiction, Fall 2019/Lesson 4

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{{Huge|Dick & ''The X-Files''}} <br />{{small|September 16–September 20}}
{{goal|title=Goals|Read and write on two texts;|Reply to a classmate’s journal;|Learn the shortened footnotes technique for sourcing.}}
[[File:RINGER_PKD_FINAL_300.0.jpg|thumb|Image credit: Timba Smits]]
This week, we look at two texts that carry over some of the themes from the last lesson and add postmodern spins: [[w:Philip K. Dick|Philip K. Dick]]’s “[[w:We Can Remember It for You Wholesale|We Can Remember It for You Wholesale]]” and the ''[[w:The X-Files|The X-Files]]'' episode “[[w:Jose Chung's From Outer Space|Jose Chung’s ''From Outer Space'']].”

We will also continue our work on Wikipedia by learning more about sourcing.

==Wikipedia Sourcing==
One of the best approaches for sourcing on Wikipedia — especially when writing in an academic way — is to use the combination of a '''bibliography''' and '''shortened footnotes''', or Harvard citations. Because we will often cite a source more than once, this approach often makes the most logical sense for our projects and journals. Here’s how we do it.

First off, have a look at an example: “[[w:The Man Who Studied Yoga|The Man Who Studied Yoga]]” is an article that I (mostly) wrote. If you scroll to the bottom, you’ll see the references section contains three subsections: Notes, Citations, and Bibliography.<ref>Remember, you can always click “Edit” to see how each of these sections is formatted. I’ll explain, but often the best way to learn is to see how it work in a real situation.</ref> Let’s start with the latter.

===Bibliography===
This section contains all of your references in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. This is easier for two reasons: (1) you only need to list the reference '''once''' in the article, and (2) it cleans up your body text of much of the confusing code.<ref>Not to mention, you needn’t remember what [[w:WP:NAMEDREFS|name you gave a reference]] if you used it before.</ref> This section is created like this:

<blockquote>
<code><nowiki>====Bibliography====</nowiki></code><br />
<code><nowiki>{{Refbegin}}</nowiki></code><br />
<code><nowiki>* {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |pages= |isbn= |author-link= |ref=harv }}</nowiki></code><br />
<code><nowiki>* {{cite journal |last= |first= |title= |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |date= |pages= |access-date= |ref=harv }}</nowiki></code><br />
<code><nowiki>* {{cite magazine |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |magazine= |pages= |access-date= |ref=harv }}</nowiki></code><br />
<code><nowiki>* {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |access-date= |ref=harv }}</nowiki></code><br />
<code><nowiki>* {{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote= |ref=harv }}</nowiki></code><br />
<code><nowiki>{{Refend}}</nowiki></code><br />
</blockquote>

This might look a bit confusing, but I’ll go through it. The first line adds a subsection. I used a [[w:Help:Section|sub-subsection]] (four <code><nowiki>====</nowiki></code>) but you can use whatever is appropriate and logical.

All references should appear between <code><nowiki>{{Refbegin}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{Refend}}</nowiki></code> in a bulleted list (notice each reference is on its own line and begins with <code><nowiki>*</nowiki></code>. 

I have given you the codes I use for the main types of references you will likely need, from best to least best: book, journal, magazine, newspaper, and web site.<ref>All citation codes and explanation for the variables may be found on “[[w:Wikipedia:Citation templates|Citation Templates]].”</ref> Notice many of the codes contain similar elements, but one in particular '''must be used''' for this technique to work: <code><nowiki>ref=harv</nowiki></code> — I usually put this at the end. This code for the [[w:Template:Harvard citation|Harvard citation]] and points a shortened footnote to the detailed bibliographic entry.

===Shortened Footnotes===
The [[w:Template:Sfn|shortened footnote]] <code><nowiki>{{sfn}}</nowiki></code> may now be used in the body of the article to cite a source. First, add a section where your citations will appear, just above your bibliography:

<blockquote>
<code><nowiki>====Citations====</nowiki></code><br />
<code><nowiki>{{Reflist}}</nowiki></code><br />
</blockquote>

Here’s an example of the shortened footnote at work in the body of the article:

<blockquote>
<code><nowiki>This novella was first published in ''New Short Novels 2'', 1956.{{sfn|Lennon|2018|p=25}}</nowiki></code>
</blockquote>

This is a Wikipedia template. “Sfn” calls the template in the code; the author’s last name follows the first pipe (this must correspond with the name that follows <code><nowiki>|last=</nowiki></code> in the detailed citation); the date of the publication follows the next (exactly the same as <code><nowiki>|date=</nowiki></code> in the citation); and the page number(s) are put last. This will insert a footnote in the text; when a user clicks it, she is taken to the citation and if she clicks the citation, she is taken to the bibliographic entry. Try it on the example article I linked above. Simple and elegant.

See the link to the shortened footnote template for other options.

===Explanatory Footnotes===
The final section is for [[w:Template:Efn|explanatory footnotes]] <code><nowiki>{{efn}}</nowiki></code>. This is not a required or even necessary section, unless you need it. You can often use it in combination with the shortened footnote to make a complex and detailed reference section. 

If you need it, add a section where your explanatory citations will appear, just above your citations section:

<blockquote>
<code><nowiki>====Notes====</nowiki></code><br />
<code><nowiki>{{Notelist}}</nowiki></code><br />
</blockquote>

Any explanatory footnotes you add will appear first. Here’s an example of in the text of an article: 

<blockquote>
<code><nowiki>{{efn|The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain.}}</nowiki></code><br />
</blockquote>

The note would appear like this.{{efn|The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain.}}

{{tip|title=Tip|I have tried to make these directions as clear as possible. However, you can always get additional assistance on the [[w:User talk:Grlucas/Help|class help page]]. That said, be patient, read carefully, and do not get frustrated. Just keep trying. This technique takes an eye for detail; if something is not working, patiently check your code for a typo, a missed pipe, or another small error.}}

Refer to the links for more explanation about this method. You might take a few minutes and convert your journal over to this method. You might be happy you did so as your references and citations grow.

==Read and View==
Read “Wholesale” and watch “Jose Chung,” taking notes as you do. Note character names, dominant themes, motifs, symbols, and important passages. Where do these important aspects of the text appear? After a first read, try to find at least '''one secondary text'''<ref>It would be helpful to begin with their respective Wikipedia entries that I linked above, but these should '''not''' be cited as sources.</ref> that addresses these texts on the Internet or in [http://ezproxy.mga.edu/login?url=http://www.galileo.usg.edu/scholar/mgsc/search/ Galileo].<ref>Obviously, the latter is better.</ref> You might also [https://youtu.be/HmCIrblukIs check YouTube]. Read or watch the criticism and take notes.

==Journal Post 7==
{{notice|Resources to review for journal posts: “[[Writing in the Liberal Arts]]”; “[[Writing Top Ten]]”; “[[Editor's Checklist|Editor’s Checklist]]”; [[w:WP:INTREF|Adding a reference]]. Cite sources correctly using [[w:Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1|footnoted references]], and [[w:Help:Introduction to editing with Wiki Markup/3|link to Wikipedia entries]] in the text of your post.<ref>External sources are ''always'' [[w:Help:Referencing for beginners|footnoted as references]]; Wikipedia entries are ''always'' just linked in the text. '''Never''' cite a Wikipedia article like you would an external source.</ref>}}

Research and write about any aspect of either text, incorporating your initial research. Be sure to cite correctly and that you give your post a unique title and date.

==Journal Post 8==
Compare any aspect — character, theme, symbol — of the two texts. How do they complement each other? What does one say about the other? Is there a characteristic that both protagonists (antagonists) share? Your goal here is to find connections between the two texts. Again, be sure to support your ideas with at least one source, cited correctly. Date and title your post.

==Reply==
Reply to at least two different colleagues’ posts.

==Due Date==
Please have all of the above completed by Sunday, '''September 22, 2019'''. I will evaluate your this lesson the following day, email everyone a progress report, and post audio feedback at the top of the next lesson if necessary.

{{tip|title=Tips|Remember, you can always get assistance with anything — writing, wiki coding, etc. — on the [[w:User talk:Grlucas/Help|class help page]].|Also, feel free to reach out to your Wikipedia Expert by clicking the “Get Help” button on the WikiEdu dashboard.}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist}}