While “José Chung’s ‘From Outer Space’” calls into question the validity of extraterrestrial abduction, sightings, and existence, it nevertheless confirms the reality of its visual iconography in the popular imagination of our age. There remains a perpetual debate about the literal existence of supernatural entities and aliens, but when turning to William Gibson’s “The Gernsback Continuum,” the manifestation of alternate, possible realities becomes a bit more uncertain and indeterminate, if that’s possible. While many critics suggest that “Gernsback” metafictively comments on the need for change in sf, from the utopian visions of the golden age of science fiction to a more socially critical and culturally conscious expression, others suggest that it and the collective dreams that it embodies plays a continued role in what Bruce Sterling calls a modern reform of science fiction (Sterling xv). Thomas A. Bredehoft (quoting Gibson quoting the Velvet Underground) uses the phrase “worlds behind us” to make evident the cultural and intellectual history that manifests “as the hidden underpinnings of our most modern-looking, modern-seeming machines” (Bredehoft 252). Gibson himself has reminded us several times that the computer itself is only a Gestalt of Victorian mechanisms packaged into a plastic box — a box that despite the stylish designs of Apple Computer’s candy colors and cubes retains its mechanical link to the past with spinning mechanisms and hard wiring (Trench). The hard wiring of “Gernsback” might be explained away by semiotic ghosts, but, in a truly science-fictional theory, they might represent breeches by quantum realities that continued to exist and evolve even though they were passed up in the waning days of Gernsback by a narrowing view of reality and possibility. Certain paths were chosen — Hitler’s rise to power precipitated the post-holocaust cold war — so the images and desires of “I.G.Y.” remain only romanticized fictions, or do they?
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